Globalization and International Markets †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Globalization and International Markets. Answer: With the expanding ramified financial changes and complex business structure, every single association is slanted towards maintaining their business on worldwide level. This degree of business working makes business viable and increment the general turnover of the organization. Be that as it may, so as to win the global market there is conceivable two procedures are trailed by organizations name as cost administration and item separation. It is assessed that globisation is the necessary expectations which every single association needs to consider before actualizing techniques on household and worldwide level [1] It is viewed as that on the off chance that an association needs to extend its business, at that point globalization and its effect on the business is the main considerations before making any methodologies for business. In any case, with the expanding chance of worldwide business, there are a few dangers which must be considered by association before taking their business o n the web. Market development and enhancement is feasible for associations when they take their business on worldwide level. It expands the piece of the pie and increment in turnover of the business. Organization could follow two principle techniques to execute the fruitful business on global level to be specific as item separation and cost administration procedures. Worldwide advertising is another angle which implies that advancing merchandise and enterprises of association on universal level in global markets. There are a few associations which have attempted their business on worldwide level, for example, Woolworths, Wesfarmers and Tesco and GE capital. Effect of culture on global promoting It is assessed that in 21st century the time of globalization where there is headway of innovations, stream of data is as quick as it tends to be ever, and organizations who needs to provide food the customers needs and request on worldwide level could do it by executing appropriate degree of key coalition and universal promoting systems. Customization or normalized items are the key vital capacities which are unmistakably utilized by organizations while selling their items on worldwide level so as to fulfill universal customers needs and request. There are a few factors, for example, language, conviction, standards, social thought and prefrences of clietns which could be considered by organizations while taking their business on universal level. Moreover, on the off chance that organization takes its business on global level, at that point foundation of legitimate degree of correspondence is required aims for the accomplishment of association. Digital figuring ventures assets arranging is the significant terms which ought to be embraced by association before executing business on global level [2] The setting up of new pursuits or going into vital union with different orgnizations is the key central point for the accomplishment of business on internatianol level. In the event that organization could relieve the social issues on worldwide level while actualizing its global advertising systems then it could without much of a stretch give fulfillment to its customers. Social issues could be moderated by following appropriate degree of social worth, recognition and necessities of the customers in the market. It comprises of the qualities, chocies, prefrences, needs and request of the customers in showcase. On the off chance that organization could offer customers anticipated items and administrations in showcase, at that point it won't just increment the general efficieny of the item yet in addition result to expanded consistence on worldwide level. The way of life understanding is the central point which would be embraced by the association before actualizing vital plans with different stakehodlres. For example, while presenting new items and administrations, customization is the essential procedure which ought to be attempted by orgnizaton before taking its business on global digression. [3] Significance of culture The significant of the way of life in the worldwide promoting might be perceived if appropriate degree of key market factors and culture outskirts are perceived on global level. Social investigation is the significant devices to make its items redid and compelling. On the off chance that organization needs to get a handle on the worldwide market, at that point it needs to assess customers (s) language, conviction, standards, social thought and inclinations. The principle center is made around what sort of changes and adjustment customers needs to find in the offered items and administrations. For example, in the event that individuals in china are progressively disposed towards purchasing sweet items, at that point organization should make its ediable items increasingly sweet [4] In increases Google examination has two parts of assessing the language, conviction, standards, social thought and prefrences of clietnts. It put accentuation upon the decision of nation and requirements of urban communities. On the off chance that organization needs to get a handle on the specific elements of urban communities, at that point customization of the items ought to be founded on the individuals living specifically urban areas and keeping in mind that taking business on worldwide level will requires thought of language, conviction, standards, social thought and inclinations of customers on nation level[5] Accordingly, while executing legitimate vital worldwide market plan, organization needs to assess all the language, conviction, standards, social thought and inclinations of customers on the universal level[6] Culture is the significant components which ought to be considered by every single association before attempted worldwide business. On the off chance that organization couldn't offer redid items and administrations to its customers, at that point it won't just increment the multifaceted nature of busiens yet in addition render non powerful promoting program. Social variables of association gives legitimate thought of language, conviction, standards, social thought and inclinations of customers on global level and how organization could battle with the household players in simple and decided methodology The fundamental case of social effect could be embraced for example, Chinese individuals use chopsticks for eating nourishments then again, English man use fork and blade to eat food. Along these lines, on the off chance that organization needs to fire up new café business in china, at that point it needs to mastermind chopsticks in any case no Chinese customers will come and eat food and on a similar side, on the off chance that eatery is going to open in America, at that point fork and knifes are the necessary purpose. This degree of social changes and distinctive language, conviction, standards, social thought and inclinations of customer grandstand the need to actualize social examination while taking business on universal level. On the off chance that organization could receive modified and cost authority methodologies while taking their business on universal level then it couldn't just expand the piece of the pie yet in addition exhibit the productivity of business in adjustin g with various business showcase. Worldwide promoting is totally needy upon the social effect of the specific goal. There are a few components which ought to be attempted by association while taking their business on worldwide level. Social elements of specific spot put accentuation upon language, conviction, standards, social thought and inclinations of customers. On the off chance that organization could receive redid business exercises, at that point just it will build the general effectiveness of business or piece of the overall industry on the loose. In this way, in the event that you need to grow your business worldwide than it is imperative to be comfortable with the way of life of the each nation than no one but you can be effective in the errand of extending the business. References Banatwala, Mustansir, David A. Creeks, and Joseph A. Russo. Progressively overseeing parking spot usage. U.S. Patent 9,530,253, gave December 27, 2016. Devine, Wesley M., Sivaram Gottimukkala, Lap T. Huynh, Dinakaran Joseph, Michael S. Law, and Linwood H. Overby Jr. Making sure about live movement of a virtual machine from a safe virtualized processing condition, over an unbound system, to an alternate virtualized figuring condition. U.S. Patent 9,715,401, gave July 25, 2017. Dhanaraj, Charles. Dealing with the implanted worldwide: A business organize see. (2007): 1231-1233. Forsgren, Mats, and Jan Johanson.Managing systems in universal business. Routledge, 2014. Khakhar, Priyan, and Hussain Gulzar Rammal. Culture and business systems: International business exchanges with Arab managers.International Business Review22, no. 3 (2013): 578-590. Purcell, Gisela, and Regina Scheyvens. Global business tutoring for improvement: the significance of neighborhood setting and culture.International Journal of Training and Development19, no. 3 (2015): 211-222. Wild, John J., Kenneth L. Wild, and Jerry CY Han.International business. Pearson Education Limited, 2014. Yan, S., International Business Machines Corporation, 2016.Managing different meetings for a client of a gateway. U.S. Patent 9,313,277.

Central banks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

National banks - Essay Example al bank gets a kick out of the imposing business model of collecting the budgetary base of a state and furthermore it do prints the national cash which capacities and goes about as the state’s lawful delicate. This specific organization is viewed as free from political mediation however limited guideline by the official and administrative bodies exists. The national bank appreciates administrative powers over other money related organizations. This aides in diminishing the hazard that business banks and other money related foundations may enjoy false practices that may contrarily influence a nation’s economy. A storehouse establishment is a money related organization like business bank, reserve funds bank and credit association that is legitimately allowed to get stores from its clients and give them business credits. The government store foundations are constrained by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in the United States. Store organizations are additionally controlled by the national bank in various manners in order to deal with the cash flexibly in the economy. They are additionally committed by the national bank to ration the save essential as determined. The national bank works as a financier, operator and budgetary consultant to the administration. As an investor to the administration, it assumes a similar job as a business bank does to its clients. It keeps the records of both the focal government and the state government. It acknowledges installments from the legislature and offers momentary credits to the administration. It amasses checks and drafts put in the administration account. It passes on abroad trade capitals to the legislature for taking care of peripheral back payments or in the obtainment of outside products. As a specialist to the administration, it gathers charges and different installments in the interest of the legislature. It additionally raises credits from the open consequently overseeing open obligation. The national bank additionally speaks to the administration in outer budgetary establishments in meetings. It similarly goes about as a

Passivity A Way Of Life Essays - Indian Films, Rukmani Devi, Karma

Lack of involvement: A Way Of Life Lack of involvement: A Way of Life. The life of the primary character Rukmani was loaded up with hardships. Glad occasions were an irregularity, and regular daily existence was loaded with work from dawn to nightfall. However in spite of all the work, her family was in absolute neediness. In any case Rukmani was consistently hopeful, furthermore, acknowledged her life the manner in which it was. Kenny, then again, never got why they acknowledge their destitution and consistently attempted to get them to ascend. It is Indian belief system and the confidence in karma with resurrection that drove Rukmani and numerous other Indian individuals to a detached life. This lack of involvement is seen all through the book. Anyway particularly in the couple of occurrences after serious calamities and emergencies along these lines of life sticks out. From the outset, Rukmani couldnt have kids after her first little girl. Kenny relieved her, and afterward she bore five children. A short time later, she met Kenny and gladly said You are my benefactorhave I not five children to demonstrate it?(p. 36) Kenny replied, Am I to fault for your abundances? This was a half-mocking comment. Notwithstanding, just half mocking. Alright, you need children to work in the field, two children can oversee if Nathan oversaw alone. You can scarcely accommodate a couple of individuals, yet the family comprises of eight. However everything is okay. Another occasion is the point at which the horrendous tempest hit the town and obliterated the rice paddy. At the point when the tempest completed, Rukmani recently said that it will develop back thus did Nathan. At the hour of the horrendous dry spell the yield was demolished, and considerably subsequent to giving a break of paying a large portion of the lease, selling garments, and a couple of different things they didnt have enough cash to pay the half, Nathan needed to sell the seed and a great deal of other stuff. Rukmani begged him Let us just attempt, Let us save our desire for the following harvest.(p. 80) Again there is the positive thinking. At long last, she even affirms this lack of involvement herself. When Kenny demonstrated her the designs for the medical clinic, and the began to discuss the expenses, Rukmani couldnt comprehend why individuals gave such a lot of cash to help. Kenny stated, Because they have implies, do no the debilitated bite the dust in the boulevards in light of the fact that there is no emergency clinic for them? Are not your kids conceived in canals? And so forth. You should shout out on the off chance that you need assistance. Rukmani then idea, Well, and consider the possibility that we yielded to our difficulties at each progression. We would be pitiable animals for sure to be so frail, for isn't a keeps an eye on soul given to him to transcend his misfortunes?(p. 115) And this is the quintessence of the contention introduced previously. They accept that their life is the best approach to satisfy the karma given to them. So Rukmani would satisfy her poor life as a spouse of a rancher. And aft erward, on the off chance that she finishes her karma, perhaps she would be resurrected into a being with a superior life. And furthermore all the hardships might be disciplines for terrible deeds in the past life. This is definitely why Rukmani is generally so hopeful and leads her life inactively through all the tough situations. This aloofness originates from the conviction. Possibly it is a superior lifestyle, the lack of involvement worked for Gandhis freedom development. Also, Rukmani did endure, and reveals to us this story as an elderly person, most likely trusting that she satisfied her karma. Book Reports

Man was born free but is everywhere in chains. Discuss this phrase, Essay

Man was brought into the world free yet is wherever in chains. Examine this expression, regarding key course ideas - Essay Example Individuals likewise goes into social bonds, create progress and this causes them to lose freedom (Chaurasia 2001, p. 308) Fromm (2001, p. 18-29) sees that opportunity is the thing that portrays human presence. It changes as man picks up mindfulness as an autonomous and separate being. Mans’ social history has its start from the communication with nature to mindfulness as a different element from the encompassing nature and other people. The individual kept on being intently attached to the social and the common world. Man likewise felt the world encompassing him. The procedures of the development of the person from nature and social world arrived at its top in the advanced time in the hundreds of years between the reorganization and the present. Fromm compares this to a similar procedure, which is found throughout the entire existence of man. Before a kid is conceived, it is unified with the mother. The kid turns into a different element from the natural mother after birth. T his detachment denotes the start of individuation. The youngster stays with the mother for just an extensive period. Fromm states allegorically that a youngster needs opportunity before it is conceived. In any case, the tie with the mother gives security and a sentiment of having a place with the kid. This is the thing that he alludes to essential ties. These ties are natural and establish an integral part of human turn of events. The ties suggest absence of uniqueness, however they give an individual security and direction. The essential ties interface the person with the mother and society as a rule. When an individual finishes his first phase of individuation, he is confronted with another undertaking. This undertaking is to arrange and set up himself on the planet and search for security in different manners like those before the pre-individualistic presence. This makes opportunity to accept an alternate importance to the one he had before individuation (Fromm 2001, p. 18-29). F romm clarifies this by the examination of the advancement of a newborn child. He says the freedom of the baby from the newborn children closes during childbirth. In any case, the reliance doesn't end here. The mother deals with the kid. With time, the youngster starts to recognize that the mother and different elements are independent. The youngster through its own drives encounters the world. This denotes a critical point in the advancement of individuation. The procedure of individuation is progressed by training. This procedure is set apart by disappointments and preclusion, which change the job of the mother as an antagonistic and perilous individual. This threat between the mother and kid helps in the advancement of oneself. The various specialists the youngster cooperates with comprise the child’s universe and submit to the kid. This has an alternate quality from that which exists when an individual separate total from these specialists (Fromm 2001, p. 18-29). The oppor tunity of a youngster during youth empowers him to create and communicate his personality. This gives him security and consolation. The expanding partition from these specialists results into detachment, which makes extreme tension and weakness. The youngster may build up the inward quality or another sort of solidarity and closeness with others. In the event that the procedure of partition and individuation are coordinated with the development of the

Power Phys Essays

Force Phys Essays Force Phys Paper Force Phys Paper Controlled Variables Frequency of incitement Type Of neuron Experiment 2: Effect of Frequency of Stimulation on Action Potential Generation 1. Subordinate Variable Frequency to incitement Type of neuron Stimulus Strength (voltage) 4. Which some portion Of the neuron was animated? Activity potential is first created in the dendrites of the neuron, or where the neuron gets the activity capability of Other neurons. 5. Where was film potential estimated? 6. What was utilized to gauge film potential? RESULTS See Table 3: Membrane Potentials at Different Stimulation Voltages, by Location See Graph 1: Maximal expulsion of layer potential at axon hillock and axon after various incitement voltages, 1. What was the resting film potential (no incitement) recorded in Table 3? The Resting Membrane Potential Voltage ;- 70 NV 2. At Which incitement voltage(s) did you see unfavorable conduction Of reviewed potential from axon hillock to axon? At V the evaluated potential went from 64. 8 738 3. At What boost voltage(s) did an activity potential happen? Activity potential happened at V 4. What was the film potential at the axon hillock when the activity potential was created? The film potential was 30. 2 at the axon hillock at V when activity potential was created. S. For every one of the incitement voltages, show whether it was sub-edge, limit, or supersaturates. 2 V Subtrahend 4 V Subtrahend 6 V Threshold 8 V Threshold See Table 4: Effect of Supra-Threshold Stimulation Frequency on Action Potential Generation. See Graph 2: Number of activity possibilities created at various occasions between reproductions. 6. Express the measure Of time between incitements for every recurrence Of incitement. 25 Hzs 40 chaos 50 100 Hzs 200 Hzs 400 Hzs 20 wreckage 10 wreckage S mess 2. 5 chaos 7. For every recurrence of incitement, show whether the period between incitement is longer or shorter than the length of an activity potential. Length of activity potential in pyramidal neuron is around 15-20 milliseconds (mess) 25 Hzs longer 50 Hzs same shorter 8. Gauge the length of the headstrong period for the pyramidal neuron. The length of hard-headed period avgas around 10 chaos between the 15-20 expanding the activity possibilities nearly multiplying them from 3 to 5. Conversation 1. In Experiment 1, examine why the plentifulness of the activity potential didn't increment as incitement voltage expanded above limit. Win or bust hypothesis.. When the edge is met, a stubborn period is required. All and afterward nothing, rehash. 2. In Experiment 1, clarify why the layer potential between the axon hillock and axon either changed or didn't change with subtrahend improvement. Contrasts of NV or less are not huge, It didn't change, Unless the expulsion happens, the sodium particles can't enter made change. This just occurs at the edge, 3. In Experiment 2, clarify why the layer potential between the axon lock and axon either changed or didn't change with limit upgrade. Contrasts of I NV or less are not huge . It didn't change Unless the 4. In Experiment 2, clarify why the quantity of activity possibilities created changed With expanded incitement recurrence. Activity possibilities can happen all the more as often as possible as long there is a proceeded with wellspring of incitement, as long as the relative obstinate period has been reached, Which in explore 2 the stubborn period was finished. 5. Rehash your forecasts that were right and give the information from your examination that bolsters them. Repeat your expectations that were not right and right them, giving the information from your test that underpins the rectification, 1) Exceeding edge expulsion doesn't change the probability to an activity potential being created, Due to the requirement for a hard-headed period this is (win big or bust) In the investigation from V-V in the axon hillock the distinction in abundancy went from 30. 2 to 30. 9 (not a striking increment) 2) Amplitude doesn't change with separation, From the investigation, the activity potential plentifulness doesn't change as it proliferates down the axon. (The change was little at 0. C,2) 3) Increasing recurrence of incitement of the trigger zone doesn't expands the creation of the activity possibilities. This returns to the edge All or nothing hypothesis. APPLICATION 1. KEF potassium levels influence resting film potential. Hyperemia (extreme degrees of potassium in the blood) and hypoglycemia (anomalous low blood potassium levels) both influence the ca pacity of nerves and muscles. Clarify how hyperemia will at first influence the resting layer potential and the age of an activity potential. Hyperemia depilatories muscle cells, lessening the film potential from - 90 NV to roughly - 80 NV.

ACT Site Closings and Test Scores - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

ACT Site Closings and Test Scores - UGA Undergraduate Admissions ACT Site Closings and Test Scores As sometimes happens in Georgia, we are hit by a snowstorm, which means people flock to the grocery store for break and milk, schools are cancelled for a period of time, and testing centers for the SAT and ACT have to postpone the exams. UGA Admissions has been tracking the school closings for December 8, 2017, and we also know that some ACT sites for the 12/9 ACT exam will be postponing this testing date. In light of this, we have heard that the most likely make-up exam date will be the weekend of January 6-7, 2018. If a student has an ACT exam that is postponed from 12/9 to 1/6 or 1/7, we will use the ACT from this make-up ACT exam. Two provisions do apply to this extension of the deadline: If you are taking the ACT make-up exam, make sure that UGA is a score recipient prior to you taking the test. Do not wait until after you see the scores to determine if you should send the results, as this will delay things. Since UGA is a best score institution and we superscore test scores, sending us the scores before knowing the results will not hurt an applicant in any way. If there are unusual situations surrounding your scores for the 1/6 date which causes the scores to extremely delayed in being sent (late February or March as an example), this will cause us problems in accepting these scores for 2018 applicants. We do not expect any unusual situations, but that is why the oddities are referred to as unusual. At a certain point, UGA has to stop importing scores and documents so we can move forward with decisions. For anyone sending in test scores, know that we upload scores the morning after we receive them from the testing agency, and you can track the scores both on your application status page and on the student portal of the testing agency. If a score shows up on an applicants status page prior to final decisions, it means we imported it in time and are able to use it. I hope this helps! Now run out and buy eggs, milk, bread and water. Its going fast. Go Dawgs!

5 Middle School Books for Reluctant Readers

Fake Blood by Whitney Gardner Do you have an 8 to 12-year-old who says that hate reading? These are fun, quirky and quick stories that will make them fall in love with reading! Don't miss out on these middle school book recommendations: Fake Blood by Whitney Gardner Graphic novels are the perfect place to start with reluctant readers. Fake Blood follows AJ as he works on a school project with his crush who is obsessed with vampires. This hilarious story will keep your child enthralled from the beginning to end! Percy Jackson by Rick Riordan Percy Jackson follows a student who has always felt different from his classmates. One day he finds out he’s actually the son of Poseidon, the God of the Sea. He’s quickly roped into an adventure to prevent a war between two gods. The adventures will keep your child entertained and they’ll forget they’re even reading! Spy School by Stuart Gibbs Ben is your typical awkward middle school student until the CIA accidentally recruits him for his math skills. Ben convinces the CIA to let him join and the series follows his spy adventures all over the world. This is the perfect book for a child who is obsessed with spy movies or if they love math. The Keeper of Lost Cities by Shannon Messenger Sophie has always felt like an outsider in her world, especially because she can hear the thoughts of everyone around her. Once day a mysterious boy shows up and tells her she’s actually an elf and her world is turned upside down. This series has captured even the most reluctant readers. The Dreadful Tale of Prosper Redding by Aleksandra Bracken This is a perfectly spooky tale that will enchant your child read a Halloween tale instead of watching one this year. Prosper has to figure out how to get rid of a demon that is haunting him because of adeal his relative made and then broke with a malefactor, a demon who exchanges fortune for eternal servitude. Are you (or your child) interested in connecting with a reading mentor? Our tutors can design enrichment courses that will foster a love of reading! Reach out for more information. ; Craving more middle school recommendations? Read some other relevant middle school read below: Study Skills: Time Management Guide for Middle Schoolers How To Strengthen Your Writing In One Easy Step

Identification Of Family System The Morgan Family

Identification of family system The Morgan family members are Caucasian and live in Tampa, Florida. Clare Morgan is a 42 year old twice divorced woman who works as a Bank Administrator for Bank of America. In Clare’s first marriage she had her first son Justin but after a month her husband divorced her. In Clare’s second marriage, her husband did not want to have kids and left her while she was pregnant with her second child Cody. Justin is now 15 years old football player in high school. Cody is 8 years old in elementary school, who play baseball for the local little league. Both children are A students however neither father choose to keep in contact with them. Lately, Justin has become rebellious and Cody feels the lack of communication from his father is his fault. Reason for Social Work Involvement The Morgan family has been receiving family supportive counseling for now eight months. Before counseling, Clare became involved with a man named Daniel for 8 months. Daniel has two little girls, ages 9 and 12, from a previous marriage. Clare and both her son’s move in with Daniel and his two daughters. Overtime, Daniel became emotionally and physically abusive towards Clare and her son’s. Daniel worked as a construction worker and would gamble his money away. Before Daniel receives his paychecks he would apply for a cash advance to gamble. When it is time to pay bills, Daniel would take out a loan, to hide his problem from Clare. One day Daniel was arrested forShow MoreRelatedCartoons and Children693 Words   |  3 Pagestelevision related behaviours in the classroom †¢ Gross and morgan (1985) found that when parents were positive about television or limited children’s viewing, the children’s conceptions of social reality were not affected. 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Richard Nixons Native American Federal Policy

Modern American politics among various demographics can be traced along predictable lines when it comes to a two-party system, especially those of ethnic minorities. Although the civil rights movement enjoyed bipartisan support early on, it became split along regional lines with Southerners of both parties opposing it, resulting in the conservative Dixiecrats migrating to the Republican party. Today African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, and Native Americans are typically associated with the liberal agenda of the Democrats. Historically, the conservative agenda of the Republican Party tended to be hostile to the needs of American Indians, especially during the mid-20th century, but ironically it was the Nixon administration that would bring much-needed change to Indian country. Crisis in the Wake of Termination Decades of federal policy toward American Indians overwhelmingly favored assimilation, even when the governments prior efforts toward forced assimilation were declared a failure as a result of the Merriam Report in 1924. Despite policies designed to reverse some of the damage by fostering greater self-government and a measure of tribal independence in the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, the concept of improvement of the lives of Indians was still framed in terms of progress as American citizens, i.e. their ability to assimilate into the mainstream and evolve out of their existence as Indians. By 1953 a Republican-controlled Congress would adopt House Concurrent Resolution 108 which stated that at the earliest possible time [Indians should be] freed from all federal supervision and control and from all disabilities and limitations specially applicable to Indians. Thus, the problem was framed in terms of Indians political relationship to the United States, rather than a history of a buse stemming from broken treaties, perpetuating a relationship of domination. Resolution 108 signaled the new policy of termination in which tribal governments and reservations were to be dismantled once and for all by giving greater jurisdiction over Indian affairs to some states (in direct contradiction of the Constitution) and the relocation program which sent Indians away from their home reservations to large cities for jobs. During the termination years, more Indian lands were lost to federal control and private ownership and many tribes lost their federal recognition, effectively eradicating the political existence and identities of thousands of individual Indians and over 100 tribes. Activism, Uprising, and the Nixon Administration The ethnic nationalist movements among Black and Chicano communities fueled the mobilization for American Indians own activism and by 1969 the Alcatraz Island occupation was underway, grabbing the nations attention and creating a highly visible platform upon which Indians could air their centuries-long grievances. On July 8, 1970, President Nixon formally repudiated the termination policy (which was established ironically during his tenure as vice president) with a special message to Congress advocating for American Indian Self-determination. . . without the threat of eventual termination, assuring that the Indian†¦[could] assume control over his own life without being separated involuntarily from the tribal group. The next five years would see some of the most bitter struggles in Indian country, testing the Presidents commitment to Indian rights. In the latter part of 1972, the American Indian Movement (AIM) in conjunction with other American Indian rights groups convened the Trail of Broken Treaties caravan across the country to deliver a twenty point list of demands to the federal government. The caravan of several hundred Indian activists culminated in the week-long takeover of the Bureau of Indian Affairs building in Washington DC. Just a few months later in early 1973, was the 71-day armed confrontation in Wounded Knee, South Dakota between American Indian activists and the FBI in response to an epidemic of uninvestigated murders and the terrorist tactics of a federally-supported tribal government on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The heightening tensions across Indian country could no longer be ignored, nor would the public stand for more armed interventions and Indian deaths at the hands of federal officials. Thanks to the momentum of the civil rights movement Indians had become popular, or at least a force to be reckoned with and the Nixon administration seemed to grasp the wisdom of taking a pro-Indian stance. Nixons Influence on Indian Affairs During Nixons presidency, a number of great strides were made in federal Indian policy, as documented by the Nixon-era Center Library at Mountain State University. Among some of the most significant of those achievements are: The return of the sacred Blue Lake to the people of Taos Pueblo in 1970.The Menominee Restoration Act, restoring the recognition of the previously terminated tribe in 1973.In the same year, the Bureau of Indian Affairs budget was increased by 214% to a total of $1.2 billion.The establishment of the first special office on Indian Water Rights - A bill authorizing the Secretary of Agriculture to make direct and insured loans to Indian tribes through the Farmers Home Administration.The passage of the Indian Financing Act of 1974, which supported tribal commercial development.The filing of a landmark Supreme Court suit to protect Indian rights at Pyramid Lake.Pledged that all available BIA funds be arranged to fit priorities set by tribal governments themselves. In 1975 Congress passed the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, perhaps the most significant piece of legislation for Native American rights since the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. Although Nixon had resigned the presidency before being able to sign it, he had laid the groundwork for its passage. References Hoff, Joan. Re-evaluating Richard Nixon: His Domestic Achievements. http://www.nixonera.com/library/domestic.asp Wilkins, David E. American Indian Politics and the American Political System. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2007.

Abnormal Return That Was Used Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1979 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The objective of this paper is to determine whether announcing a dividend payment in the Vietnam market provides useful information for the investor. In other words, does an announcement of dividends directly affect the stock price in this market? To evaluate the impact of such an event, a measure of the abnormal return was needed. The observation data used was n = 16 (listed firms), in which there were 71 announcements. The analytical steps follow. Analytical Steps The abnormal return that was used was the difference between the ex-post return of the security and the normal return of the firm during the event window. The normal return was established to be the return that would have been expected if the event had not occurred. The first step was to compute the ex-post stock return during the event window of a 6-day period (plus/minus 3 days). Day 0 was considered to be the announcement day of the dividend payment. Finding the risk-free rate market return of each event and associated beta value was step two. The risk free rate was calculated by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the average government bond yield as a percent. The beta coefficient value was found by running 71 regression tests in which the daily stock return and daily market index return were the dependent and independent variables respectively. The market beta (or risk) for an individual stock for the event was found using the correlation between the daily stock retur n and the daily market index return of a normal period. The daily stock return and the daily market index return were computed based on the daily stock price and daily closing price of VN-Index. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Abnormal Return That Was Used Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Nonparametric Test The sign test was one of two common nonparametric tests used. This test is based on the sign of the abnormal return (AR) or cumulative abnormal return (CAR). The use of the nonparametric tests of the abnormal returns may be used since it may be insufficient to assume the normally distribution of returns when confirming the parametric tests. It is necessary to test the probability that the positive average abnormal returns (AAR) following the dividend announcement was larger than 0.5. Therefore the null hypothesis was that the probability was less than or equal to 0.5 while the alternative hypothesis was that the probability was greater than 0.5. This hypothesis was tested in a one sided z-test. Descriptive Statistic A descriptive statistic is typically used when describing the basic features of data in a study, specifically the distributions central tendencies. From January 3, 2006 to December 31, 2009 the range of the VN-Index was 235 to 1170.67. Considering 996 daily closing prices (n = 996), two of the central tendencies were: mean 608.94 and median 522.84. The median was lower than the mean. It should be noted that the closing price of the VN-Index during this time was in the lower range since data samples of the financial crisis of 2008 were randomly included. A t-distribution showed the distribution to be skewed to the right (positively skewed). This means that most of the distribution of the closing prices was to the left of the mean. Using kurtosis (description of the shape) to determine how tall and sharp the central peak is found that the kurtosis value was -0.884 indicating a relatively flat distribution about the mean, albeit asymmetrical. Measures of the asymmetry we re not significant. The mean was 0.0485 and the median was 0.0326.and median was 0.0485 and 0.0326; minimum and maximum was negative -4.972 and 7.741. Since the mean does not equal the median, both the closing price and the daily return were not in a symmetrical distribution. From January 3, 2006 to December 31, 2009 (996 days) there were 193 Mondays, 200 days for each of Tuesday, Thursday and Friday and 203 Wednesdays. Monday was found to have the lowest negative average daily return (-0.2548%) while Friday had the lowest positive average daily return. Tuesday and Wednesday did not differ greatly however Thursday had the highest average daily return (0.2993%). In finding the difference between Mondays (193) and the other days (793) as well as the difference between Thursdays (200) and the other days (796), the Monday group was negative -0.2548% compared to the other days group of 0.1214%. Similarly, the Thursday group (0.2993%) was compared with the other days (-0.0145). We n ow question as to whether the differences were large enough to rely on or were they random. With regard to testing Mondays against the other days, the average return for Monday was lower than the other week days average return with a difference of -0.3762. Similarly, the average return for Thursday was higher than the other days with an average difference of 0.3139. The t-test value was -2.239 (d.f. 994) giving a critical value at 1960. This t-test value was smaller than at -1.960. Using the t-distribution chart for a two-tailed distribution, and a significance level of = 2.5% and d.f. greater than 100, we continue to have critical value at 1960. Thus, the observed test t-value of -2.239 was smaller than at -1.960. Thursdays test gave a t-value of 1.892 with critical value of 1.645, 5% significance level and d.f. of 994. There were no other tests of reliable statistical significance. In comparison of Monday with the other weekdays, two-tailed p-value was 0.025 while Thursda y with the other weekdays was 0.059 giving more information of the statistical results than the probabilities and thus the percentages for the error probabilities was in the acceptable range and thus reliable. Again, analysis of the other groupings p-values were not in the significant level with t-value smaller than . Thus there is no support for the hypothesis. To summarize, there was a significant difference between Monday/other days of the week and Thursday/other days of the week. The average return for Monday was lower than the other days of the week with the average return for Thursday being higher than the other days of the week. The hypothesis was therefore rejected and there was support for the alternate hypothesis (average return for Monday was not equal to the average return for the other days of the week). Study Summary This study purpose of this study was twofold: 1) determining whether an announcement of a dividend payment impacted stock prices and 2) determining if stock prices in the market are randomly determined. Using a selection of 16 companies (n = 16), there were only two firms Vietnam Fumigation Company (VFC) and Chuong Duong Beverages JSC (SCD) which were found to have abnormal returns and thus be statistically significant at the 5% level. In other words, only these two firms had their stock prices affected by the dividend announcement during the period from 2006 to 2009. While these results do not definitively determine announcement of dividends to be the sole influence on these prices, the results may be used to attract investors. Secondly, there was significant evidence that the day of the week was influential and thus the event was not random. With regards to the efficient-market hypothesis (EMH), the hypothesis that the Vietnam market during this period was considered to be weak or inefficient is rejected. The pattern of movement in prices was not random. Interestingly, the average highest return in the Vietnam market was on Thursday as opposed to the most common day in other markets of Friday. However, the lowest return was on Monday in agreement with most other markets. Since there was a difference in returns between groups in the week, (the average return on Monday/Thursday and the other days of the week) there is opportunity here for arbitrage to capitalize on the imbalance. Conclusion As the abnormal returns were shown to be asymmetrically distributed it is reasonable to consider values which are different from zero as responsible for the unexpected return. It was found that the probability for a positive average abnormal return associated with the event was greater than 5%. Combining the t-and z-test results showed that announcing dividend payments affected the stock prices of the firms, resulting in a slight increase in attracting investors during the specified period. Generally, the change in stock prices are independent of each other and have similar distributions (neither symmetric or normal) which indicate that past movements or trends are not reliable for predictions, and therefore follow a random walk. However, the difference in returns for these groups implies that there is a possibility of arbitrage for this market. The verification of the statistical importance of the day of the week effect provides information which means that the prices were p ossibly predictable. The Monday and Thursday returns in the Vietnam market tended to be the high and low respectively. This is in opposition to Monday/Friday (low/high) in most other markets The statistical results conclude that evidence exists against the hypothesis of an efficient market in weak form. Therefore, the hypothesis that the stock prices followed a random walk pattern based on the weak efficient market theory was rejected and that there was a pattern in the price variations. Finally, the stock prices in Vietnam market did not follow a random pattern, and the market was not efficient in weak form for the last period, from Jan 03, 2006 to Dec 31, 2009. Implications of the Conclusion As has been said, announcing the dividend payment provided information to investors affecting the stock price around the event (dividend announcement). Although the strength of the abnormal return was not strong, it still provided opportunity for arbitrage. Further analysis found that the weekly expected stock return from Monday to Friday tended to be negative and decreasing over average returns. It is surmised that this is due to releasing information at the end of the week which caused the sliding return the following Monday. However, this also has the benefit that unfavorable information can be released late in the day on Friday if firms desire to reduce the effect of the bad news or even to avoid a panicked selling. This characteristic might be used for both the release of good as well as unfavorable information. Further a simple trading strategy has also emerged for investors: buy on Monday and sell on Thursday. This would be particularly effective when looking at the two i mportant dates all investors should watch; investment date and settlement date (T + 1, T + 2 or T + 3) where the settlement occurs 1, 2 or 3 days after the transaction. Here the T + 1 could be used for an individual who wishes to buy stock can delay the purchase planned for Thursday or Friday to Monday. For those wanting to sell stock, sales on Thursday (early session) and re-purchased on Monday (late session) to receive the most benefit. This method can be used by investors who deal in high volatile stocks for the purpose of arbitrages. Extension The results of this study (dividend payment does impact stock price), adds some potency to the theory of dividend signaling as applied to this market. Thus firms can allude to this result as good news when they wish to appear in possession of strong future prospects for investors. It will take a clever firm to use these results. Since the distribution of daily returns was not symmetrical firms would have to pay close attention to when they release information to investors. Some firms may need to watch and estimate the abnormal returns not only on Monday and Thursday, but on the other days of the week might prove interesting in a company to company experiment. It should be noted that the Vietnam market pays dividends in cash, stocks, or a combination of cash and stocks. This study was directed at announcements of the cash dividend payments only. It would be of interest to further investigate if announcements of dividend payments would also be influential in the other two methods of payout. Further investigations might combine both the Vietnam Stock Exchange along with the Hanoi Trading Center in order to provide larger sample sizes. Another investigation could be the examination based on seasons of the year, or possible monthly effects to note if they also indicate statistical connectivity. This data might also be analyzed to determine a clearer picture for future price movements in the Vietnam Market.

Kurt Lewins Change Theory - 1570 Words

Organizations face the continuous prospect of change as they fight to survive and remain competitive in a globalized economy. Changes exist in both the external and internal environments. As organizational environments exert pressure for change, organizations must adjust if they are to survive and prosper. According to Medley and Akan (2008), theories concerning organizational change were dominated by Lewin’s planned change approach (1947), which brings together four complex elements: (1) field theory, which seeks to map the totality of human behaviors taking place; (2) group dynamics, which seeks to understand the behavior of groups; (3) action research, which requires analyzing the situation and choosing the best change for the†¦show more content†¦The first step of this phase is to present to the organization a compelling problem or issue to get them to recognize and accept the need for change. Such compelling issues could be characterized by sharply declining sales, loss of important key market segments and clients, or poor financial performance that is due to actions of their part. This problem or issue will then create the pressure for change of attitude and behavior, and convince people that the change is needed. According to Medley and Akan (2008), managers c an participate in this early stage by reducing barriers to change, creating incentives to change, and introducing appropriate rewards for new behaviors. During a merger of two culturally different companies, Bank of America and U.S. Trust, a change was greatly needed to complete this transaction. During the change process, communication is key, and these two companies needed to communicate in order to be productive. Once managers noticed the issue, they restructured all the divisions needing the change to force a behavior change. They broke up ineffective teams which were composed of only people from each company, and redesign the groups to reflect the merged companies. The culture of U.S. Trust was that of the high end wealth management company which comprised of an exclusive group of clients, theShow MoreRelatedLewins Change Theory1273 Words   |  6 PagesLewin’s Change Theory Author’s name: Institution: Date: Abstract The significance of Lewin’s change theory lay not in the formality of the theory itself but rather on his ability to conceptualize real situations and as a result come up with models that reflect ideal situations. Kurt Lewin cut a niche for himself as one of the pioneers of the applied, organizational and social psychology. Born Kurt Zadek Lewin in September 9 1890, he is acknowledged as the founder of social psychology and among theRead MoreKurt Lewin s Influence On Social Psychology Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pagesothers. Though the psychologist who had the biggest impact on social psychology would be Kurt Lewin. Commonly known as the father of social psychology, Lewin put in countless hours of hard work and research in the study of the individual behavior among social situations. By working with other renowned psychologists, creating theories of his own, and leaving a mark on the world that still thrives today, Kurt Lewin is greatly responsible for the many of the advanceme nts of psychology throughout historyRead MoreLewins Change Theory1288 Words   |  6 PagesLewin’s Change Theory Author’s name: Institution: Date: Abstract The significance of Lewin’s change theory lay not in the formality of the theory itself but rather on his ability to conceptualize real situations and as a result come up with models that reflect ideal situations. Kurt Lewin cut a niche for himself as one of the pioneers of the applied, organizational and social psychology. Born Kurt Zadek Lewin in September 9 1890, he is acknowledged as the founder of social psychology and amongRead MoreApplying Change Theory Of Electronic Medical Records999 Words   |  4 PagesApplying Change Theory to Electronic Medical Records Maryjo Marvin-Dixon Empire State College According to Hussain, Lei, Akram, Haider Ali, 2016 â€Å"It is important for organizations to make changes and update old process in this competitive business environment†. Implementing change in a department of a company, hospital or doctor’s office can be difficult. Lewin’s Change Model is an effective way to help Managers and business owners update old processes and structures. 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(Brenneman, 1998) This plan was presented and acceptedRead MoreA Nurse Residency Program For New Nursing1433 Words   |  6 Pagesconsidered for these positions, but a residency program would address this. Implement planned change To aid with the implementation of the home health care residency program, the change theory from Kurt Lewin will be utilized for this process. The Change Theory of Nursing was developed by Kurt Lewin, who is considered the father of social psychology. He theorized a three-stage model of change known as unfreezing-change-refreeze model that requires prior learning to be rejected and replaced. Lewin s definitionRead MoreChange Management - Theories of Changes1442 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational change is usually triggered by relevant environment shift, either internal or external, that sensed by companies and leads to intentionally generated response (French, Bell Zawacki, 2006). This paper will discuss several organization development models.. Theories of Change In order to survive and prosper in a rapid changing environment of business world, organization is often required to generate fast response to changes (French, Bell Zawacki, 2005). Change management means toRead MoreLewin’s Three-Stage Model of Planned Change1134 Words   |  5 Pagesand the need for change within organizations (Graetz Smith, 2010). Organizations respond to these tensions by engaging in processes of strategic renewal through the implementation of â€Å"planned change† (Spector, 2010). Planned change, according to Cummings and Worley (2009), fundamentally concerns the process of changing organizational behaviors. More specifically, new behaviors must replace old ones or be adapted to or integrated with existing behaviors to enable successful change (Palmer, Dunford

Rain Man Free Essays

Rain Man The movie I chose to analyze from a psychological perspective is Rain Man. The character I have chosen is Charlie Babbit . I chose Charlie because it was interesting to see how drastic he changes his moods. We will write a custom essay sample on Rain Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now At one point he can be happy and the next he could be yelling at everyone. Charlie Babbit is a Caucasian male around his late twenties who works as a car salesman, and has a girlfriend named Susanna. Charlie Babbitt is a selfish man who gets angry very easily. He focuses on what he has to say rather than what others have to say. He is a very demanding person. Charlie has avoided talking to his father for years. When he finds out that his father passed away he didn’t react at all it was like if nothing had happened. Instead he focuses on how much money his father left him in his will. His father left three million dollars to his autistic brother Raymond of whose existence Charlie knew nothing of. The prenatal life of Charlie Babbitt must have been in a time of negative life experience and stress for his mother. In order to better understand more about Charlie’s prenatal life would be to know what situations his mother was going through while she was pregnant. It seems to me that Charlie was an unhappy baby. His temperamental pattern must have been difficult. Charlie’s mother died when he was only two years old, and his brother Raymond was put away in a mental institution right after the death of his mother . Charlie did not form a healthy attachment with his parents since his mother passed away at an early stage in his life. During Charlie’s preoperational stage Charlie did not form a health bond with his father while growing up. How to cite Rain Man, Essay examples

Contract between Ben and Johar-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the essential elements of Contract for creating a valid contract between Ben and Johari for the sale and purchase of the yacht. Answer: Introduction A contract can be best put as a promise made between two or more parties, where each party promises to undertake the made promise, which is usually in form of one party paying the consideration and the other party carrying out the work stated in the contract. The provisions of contract law are more or less the same in every jurisdiction, but at times it is found under the common law, and at others, it is found under the statutory law (Latimer, 2012). In Malaysia, contract law is governed by the Contracts Act, 1950. Under this act, for a contract to be created, there is a need for the presence of six elements, which include the offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity to contract, free consent, and the intention to create legal relations (Chen-Wishart, Loke and Ong, 2016). This discussion revolves around these very elements present in the case study, to decide if a contract had been formed. Issue The main issue based on the facts of the case study comes to be the presence of essential elements of contract for creating a valid contract between Ben and Johari for the sale and purchase of the yacht. Rule The first step in formation of contract is for an offer to be made. Based on section 2(a) of the Contracts Act, 1950, a proposal shows the willingness of the party to be bound by the made promise, and with a view of obtaining assent on the same by another person. This section also provides that an offer must show that the promise would be fulfilled, where the same is accepted by the other party. It is important to differentiate the offer from an enquiry and also from intent to trade. There are stages when the contract is being built up, where different kind of negotiatons takes place. It is important to note that this is not an offer phase and merely shows the intent to trade. Examples of it include the advertisements in newspapers and magazines (Harris and Croese, 2014). The next step for holding a valid contract to be formed is the acceptance. Under section 2(b) of this act, the proposal is deemed to be accepted when the person making the offer gives their assent to it. The acceptance could be expressed in a written or an oral manner, and can also be implied from the offering partys conduct. Under section 7(a) of this act, the acceptance has to be unqualified and absolute, which means that the intention of the offering party needs to be understood clear without any kind of doubt from their conduct (CommonLii, 2006). Section 4 of this act provides when thee commendation is deemed to be complete. Section 4(1) provides that the communication of proposal is completed only when the same comes in the knowledge of the person to whom the proposal had been made. Under section 4(2) (b), the communication of acceptance is completed as against the accepting party, when the same comes to the proposers knowledge. Section 4(3) provides that communication of revocation is completed (a) by the making party when it is put in course of transmission to the individual to whom this has been made; and (b) against the person to whom the same has been made, when this communication comes to their knowledge. Under section 5(1) of this act, a proposal can be revoked, at any movement before the acceptance communication is completed against the proposing party but not after it. Under section 6(a), it is stated that a proposal is revoked when the revocation notice is communicated to the other party by the proposer (CommonLii, 2006). Apart from the statutory law, there are certain provisions given under the established case laws, which also have to be kept in mind (Stone and Devenney, 2017). For instance, Felthouse v Bindley (1862) EWHC CP J 35 provides that merely silence cannot be deemed as a mode of acceptance. This is aligned with the aforementioned statutory law. So the statement made in this case that where the nephew did not rely, it would be deemed as his acceptance by the uncle would be deemed as invalid acceptance (Poole, 2016). Another important concept in this regard is the postal rules of acceptance. As a general rule, the acceptance date is the date when the other party gets the communication of acceptance. However, the postal rules are an exception to this rule and provide that the date of acceptance, in cases where the letters are posted for giving the acceptance, is the date on which the letter is posted (Clarke and Clarke, 2016). In Ignatius v. Bell (1913) 2 FMSLR 115, the parties had agreed to make use of the post as the manner of their communication. A proposal had been made by the defendant for selling the land held by him to the plaintiff and this option had to be exercised before August 20th 1912. On August 16th 1912, the plaintiff sent their acceptance through registered post but the same could not be delivered till August 25th 1912. Applying section 4 of the Contract Act, the court stated that the acceptance communication was completed upon the acceptance notice being completed on August 16th 1912 even when this acceptance was not known to the defendant (Intellectual Property, 2010). The other required elements for creation of a valid contract include consideration. Section 2(d) of this act provides that consideration is paid for the act done, or from not doing any task. The next element is for the parties to have the intention to create legal relations. Even though the act does not specifically cover any provisions on this requirement, it continues to be a crucial requirement for creating an enforceable contract. The next requirement is for the parties to have the capacity to enter in a contract, which as per section 11 are the age of majority and the sound mind of a person. The last requirement is for free consent to be given for the drawn agreement, which is covered under section 10 of this act (CommonLii, 2006). Application The discussed law now has to be applied on the given case study. In this case, an offer had been made by Johari on March 03rrd 2016 to sell his yacht for a price of RM2million. This value is the value of consideration satisfying the requirement of consideration in this transaction. The proposal or the offer made in this case was very clear and shows the willingness of Johari to go forward with the sale, in case this proposal is accepted by Ben. And it is also clear that as per the quoted sections, Johari is awaiting the assent of Ben on the made proposal. However, this letter stated silence would be taken as an acceptance of Ben. Based on the case of Felthouse v Bindley, this would not be deemed as applicable as the silence can never be deemed as acceptance. This is also due to the applicability of section 2(b) where the acceptance would only have been attained when Ben gave his assent to the offer. The revocation letter sent by Johari would be taken to be one March 09th only as the same was sent through post and the postal rules become applicable on this communication. The acceptance of offer of Johari by Ben came after the offer had already been revoked by Johari. Section 4(2) (b) provides the communication of acceptance is completed as against the accepting party, when the same comes to the proposers knowledge. This acceptance would be completed here when the acceptance letter reached Johari on March 12th 2016, by which time not only the offer had been revoked, but also had crossed the stipulated timeframe for acceptance. It can be claimed that the revocation letter of Johari reached Ben after he had already posted the acceptance letter, resulting in a contract being formed. However, applying the case of Ignatius v. Bell, it becomes clear that the date of posting the letter has to be taken as the date of communication. So here the offer was made on March 03rd, which was revoked on March 09th. Thus, the acceptance of March 10th is not valid as the offer was properly revoked before the same could be accepted. Even with presence of intention between parties, consent, and capacity between the parties, there was a lack of valid acceptance in this matter. Conclusion Thus, from the discussion carried in the previous segment, it can be concluded that there was no contract formed between Johari and Ben due to the lack of valid acceptance for the proposal made by Johari. This was due to the fact that the offer made by Johari had been effectively revoked before Ben could accept the offer, and in this regard, the postal rules played a major role. Thus, this discussion highlighted the role played by the governing legislation of the nation in deciding on the presence of a contract between two or more parties, and brings forth the clarity on different elements of contract along with the manner in which they have to be applied. References Chen-Wishart, M., Loke, A., and Ong, B. (2016) Studies in the Contract Laws of Asia: Remedies for Breach of Contract. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Clarke, P., and Clarke, J (2016) Contract Law: Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives. 3rd ed. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. CommonLii. (2006) Contracts Act 1950 (Revised 1974). [Online] CommonLii. Available from: https://www.commonlii.org/my/legis/consol_act/ca19501974200/ [Accessed on: 06/02/18] Harris, J., and Croese, C. (2014) Contract Law in Context. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Intellectual Property. (2010) Law Notes. [Online] Graguraman. Available from: https://graguraman1.blogspot.in/2010/07/proposal-and-acceptance-law-416.html [Accessed on: 06/02/18] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Poole, J. (2016) Textbook on Contract Law. 13th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stone, R., and Devenney, J. (2017) The Modern Law of Contract. 12th ed. Oxon: Routledge.

Green Computing free essay sample

Green computing or green IT, refers to environmentally sustainable computing or IT. It is the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems—efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. Green IT also strives to achieve economic viability and improved system performance and use, while abiding by our social and ethical responsibilities. Thus, green IT includes the dimensions of environmental sustainability, the economics of energy efficiency, and the total cost of ownership, which includes the cost of disposal and recycling is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. To comprehensively and effectively address the environmental impacts of computing/IT, we must adopt a holistic approach and make the entire IT lifecycle greener by addressing environmental sustainability along the following four complementary paths: †¢Green use reducing the energy consumption of computers and other information systems as well as using them in an environmentally sound manner

Procter Gamble Company

Introduction Procter Gamble [PG] is a public limited company that was established in 1837 in Cincinnati, Ohio, US. The firm operates in the consumer goods industry and has managed to venture into the global market. The firm operates five main segments, which include Family Care and Baby Care, Health Care, Grooming, Beauty, Home Care and Fabric Care.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Procter Gamble Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm has over 121,000 employees (PG 2013). In the course of its operation, PG has managed to develop a strong market position both in the local and the international market. The firm’s success can be explained by the effective management and marketing practices that have been integrated. Moreover, the firm has adopted optimal business models, which ensure that its products are aligned with the prevailing customer needs and wants. Consequently, its products have gained substantial market acceptability (PG 2013). Vision and mission statement PG intends to position itself as the global leader with regard to consumer products and services. Moreover, the firm is committed towards providing customers with high quality products and services. Values and principles The firm has adopted a number of values and principle. Some of its core values and principles include trust, leadership and integrity. Objectives PG is focused towards achieving the following objectives To develop a strong customer base and ensure that its brands achieve market leadership. To transform its existing businesses into market leaders. To regain market leadership and growth momentum in Western Europe region. In addition to meeting the customers’ needs, PG is focused towards delivering high value to shareholders’ by maximising their wealth. Over the 175 years it has been in existence, PG has managed to survive challenging economic situations such as economic downturns and other changes emanating from the external and internal business environments. The firm cannot rule out the likelihood of such occurrences in the future considering the fact that it does not operate in isolation. Consequently, the firm may experience challenges in its quest to achieve the aforementioned objectives.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aim This report is aimed at conducting a comprehensive situational analysis of PG. This is achieved by evaluating the challenges that the firm faces and the strategies that the management team should integrate in order to enhance the firm’s competitiveness and future success. The report mainly focuses on the strategies that the firm can adopt in order to develop a high competitive advantage. Situational analysis Businesses operate in an environment that is characterised by a high rate of dynamism. One of the elements tha t characterise the modern business environment is hyper-competition. Lancaster (2005) is of the opinion that it imperative for firms’ management teams to continuously monitor the external business environment in order to adjust their firms’ competitive strategies. Ferrell Hartline (2013) are of the opinion that â€Å"a thorough situation analysis empowers the marketing manager because it encourages both analysis and synthesis of information† (p.56). Firms do have control of the external business environment. Therefore, failure to understand the external business environment may adversely affect the organisations’ competitiveness. To understand the external business environment, it is imperative for PG’s management team to take into account the cultural, economic, social, political, legal and demographic variables. This can be achieved by integrating the PESTLE and the SWOT models as illustrated below (Hiebing Cooper 2004). PESTLE Analysis Poli tical -The firm participates in political processes in its pursuit to touch the consumers’ lives. Consequently, the firm contributes in shaping public policy. -The firm is committed towards ensuring that it complies with the set state and federal laws such as the Open Government Act, and the Lobbying Disclosure Act. -The US is characterised by a high level of political stability. Consequently, PG is able to operate effectively and efficiently. -The US government has increased its effort in curbing the proliferation of counterfeit products by integrating comprehensive intellectual property laws. This has played a critical role in guarding innovation. Economic -The US is experiencing an increment in the level of its Gross Domestic Product and the National Income. This will increase the consumers’ purchasing power. -Despite the increase in consumer purchasing power, PG is experiencing pressure to reduce the price of its products. Jopson (2013) emphasises that it is impe rative for PG to provide customers with products that are affordable. -The recent economic recession has led to a significant change in the consumers’ behaviour. Bohlen, Carlotti and Mihas (2010) opine that â€Å"consumers in the US are learning to live without expensive product† (para. 1). -The firm faces a challenge in the international market arising fluctuation in the exchange rate and the rate of inflation. -Some of the developing markets that the firm markets its products, especially Africa are characterised by a low per capita income (Hattingh et al. 2012). Social -Environmental conscious consumers; consumers are increasingly becoming conscious of the environment. Consequently, it is imperative for businesses to operate in an environmental sustainable manner by avoiding pollution. PG has adopted the concept of corporate social responsibility. -Health and safety consciousness;consumers are increasingly becoming conscious of their health and safety. In the cours e of its operation, PG is committed towards improving the consumers’ nutrition and hygiene. Thus, the likelihood of PG increasing its sale revenue with regard to health and beauty products is high. Moreover, PG has teamed up with UNICEF in its quest to improve the health of babies (PG2012). -Cultural diversity; the high rate of globalisation has led to transformation with regard to the workforce, which is becoming culturally diverse. Consequently, it is imperative for organisations to adopt effective human resource management practices. PG has appreciated the concept of diversity by embracing cultural differences (Cooper 2000). Technological -The consumer packaged goods industry is experiencing a significant change arising from technological innovation. Some of these changes relates to emergence of e-commerce. -The high rate of technological innovation presents a major challenge to PG. The firm has to continuously invest in research and development in order to be successful . According to Cisco (2012), â€Å"continuous product innovation is the lifeblood of the consumer product goods industry† (p.1). Legal Environmental Climate change; The high rate of climate change has led to enactment of strict carbon tax in an effort to ensure that organisations are responsible of the carbon dioxide emitted. PG is conscious of the environment in which it operates. Environmental laws and regulations; the UK government has enacted strict rules and regulations that are aimed at protecting the environment. The laws advocate for effective waste management. SWOT and TOWs matrix SWOT Matrix Strengths Research and development;The firm strongly focuses on research and development. Market leadership; the firm has developed global market leadership with regard to detergents, beauty and health care products. Acquisitions;the firm has the capacity to acquire other firms in the consumer goods industry. Effective brand management; PG have integrated an effecti ve brand management strategy, which has enhanced its market position and brand portfolio. The firm has over 25 brands. Strong human capital base; the firm has established a strong human resource, which enhances its competitiveness. Weaknesses The firm’s competitiveness is hindered by high cost of production. The firm faces a challenge in meeting the consumers’ needs and wants as a result of different culture. Unable to protect the company’s innovative products. High product prices compared to competing products (Jopson 2013). The firm mainly focuses on high-end markets, which limits its market reach. It is difficult for the firm to achieve growth especially in mature product categories. High product recalls; PG is experiencing an increment in product recalls. Most of the firm’s products are targeted for female consumers. Loss of market; the firm is losing market at an alarming rate, which is affecting its market leadership. Counterfeit products;PG has no t been able to eliminate counterfeit products sold under its brand name. Opportunities -Market growth; the firm can attain market leadership by exploiting emerging markets such as India and China.The firm should target the middle class consumers. -New market opportunity; the firm can exploit new market segments for example by developing beauty and health products targeted for men. -Tapping new markets;the firm can increase its sales revenue by penetrating urban areas. -Adopting eco-friendly strategies; PG can increase its market leadership by going green. Strength-Opportunity Strategy The firm should consider expanding its operation in the emerging and developing markets by developing new products. PG should consider developing new products by investing in research and development. Weakness-Opportunity strategy -The firm should consider outsourcing some of its services in order to lower the cost of production. This will improve the competitiveness of its products. -The firm shou ld invest in IPR in order to protect its products from being counterfeited -PG should focus on expanding its market to low-income consumers. – The firm has to continuously ensure that it monitors market changes so as to attain adjust its market trends. -PG should target new consumer groups such as men in order to increase its sales revenue. Threats Intense competition; PG is experiencing intense competition especially from Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever hence leading to a decline in PG market share (Jopson 2013). Substitute products; the firm is experiencing an increment in the number of substitute products, which are retailed at a price that is lower than that of PG. Private labels;growth of private labels presents a major threat to the firm’s competitiveness and global market share. Economic recession; change in consumer behaviour as a result of the 2008/2009 economic recession. Increase in the cost of raw materials Strength-Threat strategy -The firm should ensure that its products are aligned with the consumers’ needs and wants. -PG should invest in continuous product improvement in order to improve their competitiveness – Weakness-Threat strategy -The firm should invest in cost-effective operational strategies in order to improve the quality and competitiveness of its products. Core competencies According Boone (Kurtz Boone 2013), core competencies are critical in an organisation’s marketing practises because they enable an organisation to optimally position itself. P G’s success is based on a number of core competencies, which include. Source: (PG 2013)Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Procter Gamble Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Porters’ five forces According Stonehouse and Snowdon (2007), the five forces model enables a firm’s management team to determine the attractiveness of a particular market and hence the potential of attaining its desired level of profitability. The degree of industry attractiveness varies from one industry to another. The Porter’s model is comprised of five main dimensions, which include the threat of new entrant, buyer and seller bargaining power, degree of rivalry and threat of substitute. Below is an analysis of the Porter’s five forces with specific reference to PG Group. Degree of rivalry-High The firm operates in an environment that is characterised by a high degree of rivalry (PG 2013). Yannapoulos (2011) is of the opinion that â€Å"competition forces companies to constantly engage in offensive and defensive marketing strategies† (p.1). The rivalry emanates from the regional, local and global firms that have established operations in the industry. PG competes against organisations that deal with private labels and branded products. The firm’s main competitors include Colgate-Palmolive, Revlon, Kimberly-Clark Johnson Johnson and Unilever. The large number of competitors gives consumers a wide range of options to select from (Drummond Ensor 2009). Consumers select products on the basis of their price, quality, and the strength of the brand amongst other factors. PG Group is experiencing an increment in competition emanating from non-branded products, which are sold at a lower price. Thus, low-income consumers can afford diverse health and wellness products (Rehtmeyer 2010). Threat of new entrants-moderate According to Rehtmeyer (2010), the consumer goods industry is characterised by a low threat of entry. New entrants do not have the capability to rival big and well established entities such as PG, which are adequately capitalised. Another factor that acts as a barrier to entry relates to the high cost of research and development that the firms are required to undertake (Rehtmeyer 2010). New entrants must ensure that their products are effectively differentiated. The industry is in its mature stage thu s making it less attractive to new entrants (Doole Lowe 2012).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Threat of substitute-Low to moderate The consumer goods industry is characterised by a low threat of substitute products. According to Rehtmeyer (2010), most firms in the industry deal with necessities, which do not have perfect substitutes. Supplier bargaining power- low PG derives its competitiveness from partnerships and joint venture. Consequently, the firm is able to invest in research and development (Rehtmeyer 2010). Moreover, the firm has the capacity to control its suppliers because of its large size. Consequently, the firm sets standards, which suppliers are required to adhere to in the course of supplying the raw materials (Serena 2013). Buyer bargaining power-moderate PG mainly depend on Wal-Mart and other business affiliates in its quest to generate revenue. It is estimated that 15% of the firm’s sales originate from Wal-Mart. Organisational consumers such as Wal-Mart have a relatively low buyer bargaining power compared individual consumers who have the option o f selecting competing products. Therefore, the industry’s has a moderate buyer bargaining power. Source: (Rehtmeyer 2010) Market commoditisation and innovation According to Ferrell and Hartline (2013), the consumer goods industry is increasingly becoming commoditised. Most of the products offered by competing firms are similar. For example, the products have similar features and they have minimal price differences. Ferrell and Hartline (2013) postulates that â€Å"commoditisation is a consequence of mature industries where slowing innovation, extensive product assortment, excess supply and frugal consumers force margins to the floor† (p.2). According to the company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Lafley, it is imperative for the firm to review its product differentiation strategy. This will ensure that the firm’s products remain unique and relevant to the consumers (Jopson 2013). Commoditisation of an industry presents a major challenge to industry playe rs. This arises from the fact that the competing firms have to ensure that they adopt effective differentiation strategies in order to be competitive. The consumer goods industry in the US is experiencing a high rate of commoditisation as a result of its lucrative nature, which is increasing the intensity of competition. More firms are venturing into the industry in an effort to exploit the industry’s profitability. Consequently, it has become difficult for firm’s such as PG to successfully differential itself (Pulendran, Speed Widing 2002). In order to survive in such an industry, it is imperative for industry players such as PG to formulate strategies that will attract and retain customers. This calls for organisations to be innovative. One of the ways through which the firms can achieve this is by investing in value-added strategies. The firm’s management team should conduct a comprehensive consumer market research in order to determine what the consumersâ⠂¬â„¢ needs and wants. Secondly, the firm’s research and development department should be adequately innovative in order to develop products that are customised. Such a strategy will improve the effectiveness and efficiency with which the firm addresses the customers’ value. Such an analysis will enable PG respond to the consumers’ unarticulated needs hence improving their level of loyalty. Customising its products will also enhance the firm’s capacity to survive in a market that is mature. Alternatively, PG can also consider integrating the concept of targeted extension, which entails adding value to the firm’s core products and marketing them to specific market segments in order to meet the desired market needs (Wierenga 2008). Developing competitive advantage In order to remain competitive, it is imperative for P G Group to consider improving its competitive advantage. According to Davidson and Keegan (2004) â€Å"competitive advantage is achie ved whenever your company does something better than competitors† (p. 167). Thus, it is fundamental for PG to develop it competitive advantage in order to survive in the long term. PG can develop its competitiveness by adopting the strategies proposed by the Ansoff Matrix. The advantages of these strategies are discussed herein. Market development PG should consider investing in market development strategies. According to McDonald, Brian Ward (2007), market development strategies entail marketing existing products to new markets. This entails identifying a new customer group to whom a firm markets its product to. PG mainly markets its products to female consumers. However, it is imperative for the firm’s management team to consider marketing its products to men. Moreover, the firm can achieve market development by identifying potential markets that it can enter. To achieve this, PG should focus on entering the emerging and developing markets. Consequently, the firm sho uld abolish its centralised operational strategy (Jopson 2013). Some of the markets that the firm should consider include Brazil, China, Russia and India. Prior to entering new markets, PG should conduct a comprehensive market research in order to determine the prevailing market potential. According to Jopson (2013), consumers in the developing economies are increasing consumption of household and personal consumer products despite the poor economic performance. PG should also ensure that it develops a comprehensive understanding of the target markets’ culture, and consumption behaviour. This will improve the likelihood of its products gaining sufficient market penetration. Product diversification Currently, PG specialises in five main market segments, which include Family Care and Baby Care, Health Care, Grooming, Beauty, Home Care and Fabric Care. It is essential for the firm’s management team to consider diversifying its product portfolio. This will improve the like lihood of the firm attracting a new customer group. In its product diversification strategy, PG should focus on Fast-Moving-Consumer Goods [FMCG]. This will minimise the need of the firm to develop new capabilities and resources. Currently, the firm specialises in producing high-end products. To increase its customer base, it is imperative for the firm’s management team to consider targeting low-income consumers. This will enable the firm increase its sales revenue. Furthermore, product diversification will caution the firm against macro-environmental changes hence enhancing its financial sustainability. Product development Firms in the consumer goods industry are experiencing a challenge arising from change in consumer behaviour. The consumers’ product tastes and preferences are changing at an alarming rate. According to Wright (2006), firms that specialise in production of consumer goods are experiencing an increment in pressure to ensure that their products are inno vative and are aligned to their needs and wants. Wright (2006) further opines that â€Å"failure to address the consumers’ needs and wants may lead to loss of sales and to a complete demise of an organisation† (p.14). To survive in such an environment, it is imperative for the firms’ management team to increase its investment in research and development. The research and development will enable PG to undertake continuous and new product development. In its product development efforts, the firm should consider enhancing the content of its products. Furthermore, PG should improve its product packaging. According to Wright (2006), product packaging plays a critical role in enhancing the attractiveness of a product, which is a quintessential element in an organisation’s effort to build its brand. Investment in new and continuous product innovation will contribute towards improvement in the firm’s ability to attract and retain customers. According to Jo pson (2013), it is important for the firm to ensure that the new products are successfully launched in the market. Previously, PG has experienced botched product launches, for example the Pamper Dry Max. Furthermore, the firm experienced a challenge in its quest to launch the Tide Pods laundry (Jopson 2013). Market penetration McDonald, Brian Ward (2007) posit that market penetration entails marketing an existing product or service to an existing market. One of the strategies that the firm can adopt in its quest to achieve sufficient market penetration entails targeting the competitors’ customers. Adopting market penetration strategies will contribute towards improvement in the firm’s market share. Despite these benefits, there are a number of challenges associated with market penetration. First, targeting the competitors’ customers will increase the degree of rivalry between PG and its competitors, which might culminate in price wars hence leading to a decline in the industry’s profitability. Conclusion and recommendations The report shows PG operates in an environment that is very dynamic. Despite the challenges faced, PG has managed to survive the transformations emanating from the external business environment. One of the challenges faced by the firm relates to increment in the intensity of competition. Some of its main competitors include Kimberly-Clark, Colgate Palmolive and Johnson Johnson. Most of the industry players have adopted aggressive operational and competitive strategies such as continuous product improvement and new product development in an effort to meet the consumers’ needs. Consequently, the industry has become commoditised. Moreover, the industry’s transformation also emanates from the change in consumer behaviour. To survive in such an industry, it is essential for PG’s management team adopt effective growth strategies. Some of the strategies that the firm should consider are outlined b elow. The firm should consider expanding its market by venturing into the developing and emerging markets. Some of the markets that the firm should focus include Russia, Brazil, India and China. Market expansion will enable the firm maximise its sales revenue. Moreover, the firm will be able to achieve economies of scale. PG should also consider integrating the concept of product diversification. However, the firm should focus on fast-moving consumer goods in order to successfully exploit its capabilities and core competences. This strategy will enable PG to attract new customer groups. It is also important for the firm to consider developing products and services that are aligned with the consumers’ needs and wants. The firm can achieve this by conducting a comprehensive consumer market research. 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Wright, R 2006, Consumer behaviour, Cengage Learning, New York. Yannopoulos, P 2011, ‘Defensive and offensive strategies for market success’, International Journal of Business and Social Science, vol. 2, no. 13, pp. 1-12. This report on Procter Gamble Company was written and submitted by user Lexie Pate to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.